Kessler, Gary E.;
Voices of Wisdom With Infotrak: A Multicultural Philosophy Reader (4th edition)
Wadsworth Pub Co, 2000-07 (Paperback, 637 pages $69.48)
ISBN 9780534535728 / 0534535720
topics: | philosophy | china | india
Preface xi PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1 What Is Philosophy? 2 1.1 A Definition of Philosophy 2 1.2 What Is Rationality? 7 1.3 Does Philosophy Bake Bread? 12 BERTRAND RUSSELL: On the Value of Philosophy 14 Chapter 2 How Should We Read Philosophy? 19 2.1 Getting Started 19 2.2 The Critical Precis 21 2.3 A Test Case 23 LAWRENCE A. BLUM: Antiracism, Multiculturalism, and Interracial Community: Three Educational Values for a Multicultural Society 25 Part II Ethics 33 Chapter 3 How Should One Live? 34 3.1 Introduction 34 3.2 The Buddha and the Middle Way 36 THE BUDDHA: The Four Noble Truths 37 WALPOLA RAHULA: The Fourth Noble Truth 39 3.3 Confucius and the Life of Virtue 43 D. C. LAU: Confucius and Moral Character 45 3.4 Socrates on Living the Examined Life 51 PLATO: The Apology 53 3.5 Aristotle on Happiness and the Life of Moderation 67 ARISTOTLE: Nicomachean Ethics 69 3.6 The Song of God 77 BHAGAVAD-GITA 80 3.7. Does Life Have Meaning? 86 DANIEL KOLAK AND RAYMOND MARTIN: Meaning 87 Chapter 4 How Can I Know What Is Right? 93 4.1 Introduction 93 4.2 Kant and the Categorical Imperative 94 IMMANUEL KANT: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 96 4.3 Utilitarianism 101 JEREMY BENTHAM: Of the Principle of Utility 103 4.4 Revaluation of Values 107 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE: Beyond Good and Evil 109 FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE: On the Genealogy of Morality 114 4.5 Toward a Feminist Ethic 119 RITA MANNING: Just Caring 121 4.6 Some African and Western Conceptions of Morals 137 KWASI WIREDU: Custom and Morality 139 Chapter 5 What Makes a Society Just? 152 5.1 Introduction 152 5.2 God and Justice 153 MAJID KHADDURI: The Islamic Conception of Justice 156 5.3 Capitalism and Exploitation 163 KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS: Manifesto of the Communist Party 165 5.4 The Original Position 174 JOHN RAWLS: A Theory of Justice 175 5.5 Our Obligation to the State 187 PLATO: Crito 188 5.6 Civil Disobedience 195 MARTIN LUTHER KING, Jr.: Letter from Birmingham Jail 197 5.7 Sovereignty and Justice: An Indigenist's Viewpoint 207 WARD CHURCHILL: Perversions of Justice 208 Chapter 6 Is Justice for All Possible? 219 6.1 Introduction 219 6.2 Universal Human Rights 220 RENE TRUJILLO: Human Rights in the "Age of Discovery" 221 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 223 6.3 Are Human Rights Universal? 227 XIAORONG LI: "Asian Values" and the Universality of Human Rights 228 6.4 Racism and Feminism 234 BELL HOOKS: Ain't I a Woman 235 6.5 The Affirmative Action Debate 244 WARREN KESSLER: Is Affirmative Action a Second Wrong? 245 SHELBY STEELE: The Price of Preference 250 6.6 The Animal Rights Debate 256 TOM REGAN: The Case for Animal Rights 257 MARY ANNE WARREN: Difficulties with the Strong Animal Rights Position 264 6.7 Environmental Ethics 271 J. BAIRD CALLICOTT AND THOMAS W. OVERHOLT: Traditional American Indian Attitudes Toward Nature 272 6.8 Development, Environment, and the Third World 289 RAMACHANDRA GUHA: Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation 290 6.9 International Business Ethics 298 DAVID M. ADAMS AND EDWARD W. MAINE: International Competition and Corporate Social Responsibility 300 Part III Epistemology 307 Chapter 7 Is Knowledge Possible? 308 7.1 Introduction 308 7.2 Sufi Mysticism 310 AL-GHAZALI: Deliverance from Error 312 7.3 Is Certainty Possible? 319 RENE DESCARTES: Meditations I and II 322 7.4 Empiricism and Limited Skepticism 328 DAVID HUME: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 331 7.5 Should We Believe Beyond the Evidence? 337 WILLIAM K. CLIFFORD: The Ethics of Belief 339 WILLIAM JAMES: The Will to Believe 341 7.6 Classical Indian Epistemology 346 D. M. DATTA: Knowledge and the Methods of Knowledge 348 7.7 Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology 352 PATRICIA HILL COLLINS: Toward an Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology 354 Chapter 8 Does Science Tell Us the Whole Truth and Nothing But the Truth? 363 8.1 Introduction 363 8.2 Science and Common Sense 364 ERNEST NAGEL: The Structure of Science 365 8.3 Scientific Revolutions 374 THOMAS S. KUHN: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 376 8.4 Feminism and Science 387 ELIZABETH ANDERSON: Knowledge, Human Interests, and Objectivity in Feminist Epistemology 389 8.5 Japanese Views of Western Science 401 THOMAS P. KASULIS: Sushi, Science, and Spirituality 403 8.6 Science and Traditional Thought 416 KWAME ANTHONY APPIAH: Old Gods, New Worlds 418 Part IV Metaphysics 427 Chapter 9 What Is Really Real? 428 9.1 Introduction 428 9.2 The Dao 430 LAOZI: Dao De Jing 433 9.3 Platonic Dualism 440 PLATO: The Republic 443 9.4 Nondualism 450 SHANKARA: The Crest-Jewel of Discrimination 451 9.5 Subjective Idealism 459 GEORGE BERKELEY: The Principles of Human Knowledge 461 9.6 Materialism 466 PAUL M. CHURCHLAND: Eliminative Materialism 467 9.7 Pre-Columbian Cosmologies 475 JORGE VALADEZ: Pre-Columbian Philosophical Perspectives 477 9.8 So What Is Real? 483 JORGE LUIS BORGES: The Circular Ruins 484 Chapter 10 Are We Free or Determined? 488 10.1 Introduction 488 10.2 We Are Determined 489 ROBERT BLATCHFORD: Not Guilty 490 10.3 We Are Free 495 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE: Existentialism 496 10.4 Karma and Freedom 504 SARVEPALLI RADHAKRISHNAN: Karma and Freedom 506 10.5 We Are Both Free and Determined 509 RAYMOND M. SMULLYAN: Is God a Taoist? 511 Chapter 11 What Am I? Who Am I? 519 11.1 Introduction 519 11.2 You Are Your Mind 522 RENE DESCARTES: Meditation VI 524 RENE DESCARTES AND PRINCESS ELISABETH: Correspondence with Princess Elisabeth, Concerning the Union of Mind and Body 530 11.3 You Are an Embodied Self 534 EVE BROWNING COLE: Body, Mind, and Gender 535 11.4 There Is No Self 544 False Doctrines About the Soul and the Simile of the Chariot 547 11.5 What Is Consciousness? 549 COLIN MCGINN: Can We Ever Understand Consciousness? 551 11.6 How Much Can I Change and Still Be Me? 560 JEFFRY OLEN: Personal Identity and Life After Death 561 11.7 Social Identity 571 GLORIA ANZALDUA: How to Tame a Wild Tongue 572 Chapter 12 Is There a God? 579 12.1 Introduction 579 12.2 Cosmological Arguments 580 MAIMONIDES: Guide for the Perplexed 583 ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica 589 12.3 The Origin of the Universe According to Modern Science 596 VICTOR WEISSKOPF: The Origin of the Universe 592 12.4 Creationism Vs. Evolution 601 RICHARD DAWKINS: The Blind Watchmaker 603 12.5 An Ontological Argument for God's Existence 613 ST. ANSELM AND GAUNILO: A Debate 615 12.6 The Gender of God 617 MARY DALY: Beyond God the Father 619 Appendix I Glossary 627 Appendix II Pronunciation Guide 636 "Does philosophy bake bread?" asks the introduction to this reader first published in 1992, which contains Bertrand Russell's 1912 essay on the value of philosophy. A dozen chapters feature lovers of wisdom from the classical Greek, Christian, and Jewish philosophers to the Buddha, scientist Richard q7: contents excerpts new matl in 5th edn