Bary, William Theodore De;
Sources of Indian Tradition: From the Beginning to 1800
Columbia University Press, 1964, 535 pages
ISBN 0231086008, 9780231086004
topics: | india | reference | ancient
I am he whom I love, and he whom I love is I: We are two spirits dwelling in one body. If thou seest me, thou seest him, And if thou seest him, thou seest us both."* - Al-Hallaj, 1388, p.405
VOLUME 1 - A.L. Basham, R.N. Dandekar, Peter Hardy, V. Raghavan, Royal Weiler http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/Library.nsf/(docid)/D78D9579E8F3D3546525733100176272?OpenDocument&StartKey=Sources&count=50 Preface to the Second Edition xi Preface to the First Edition xv Acknowledgments xix Explanatory Note and Guide to Pronunciation xxi Contributors xxv Chronology xxvii Map xxxiv PART I: THE BRAHMANICAL TRADITION: THE VEDIC PERIOD (R. N. Dandekar, revised) 1 Introduction (R. Weiler, revised) 3 Chapter 1 Cosmic and Ritual Order in Vedic Literature 7 Agni, 9; Heaven and Earth, 10; Varuna, 10; Indra, 12; The Sun, 13; Dawn, 14; Soma (1), 15; Soma (2), 16; The Primeval Sacrifice, 17; An Unnamed God, 19; The Origin of the World, 20; A Charm Against Jaundice, 21; A Charm Against Various Evils, 22; The Exorcism of Serpents, 23; Ritual Order: Techniques for the Sacred Fires, 24. Chapter 2 The Ultimate Reality in the Upanishads 29 The Sacrificial Horse, 30; Sacrifices—Unsteady Boats on the Ocean of Life, 31; The Five Sheaths, 32; The Real Self, 33; The Essential Reality Underlying the World, 36. PART II: JAINISM AND BUDDHISM (A. L. Basham) 41 Introduction: The Background of Jainism and Buddhism 43 Chapter 3 The Basic Doctrines of Jainism 49 The Origin and Development of Jainism 49 Jain Doctrines and Practices 52 Jain Literature 58 Of Human Bondage, 59; The Man in the Well, 59; Kinsfolk Are No Comfort in Old Age, 61; All Creation Groans Together in Torment, 62; Creatures Great and Small, 63; The Eternal Law, 64; Respect for Life, 65; The Hero of Penance and Self-Control, 66; Cheerfully Endure All Things, 67; Wise Men and Fools, 68; Two Ways of Life, 69; The Refuge of All Creatures, 71; The Final Penance, 71; Moral Verses, 72. Chapter 4 Jain Philosophy and Political Thought 76 Of Space and Time, 78; There is No Creator, 80; The Plurality of Souls, 82; The Ideal King I, 84; The Ideal King II, 85; Practical Advice on War and Peace, 87; The Miseries and Dangers of Politics, 88, Chapter 5 Theravada Buddhism 93 Basic Doctrines of Tkeravdda Buddhism 100 The Four Noble Truths, 100; The Nature of Consciousness and the Chain of Causation, 101; False Doctrines About the Soul, 103; The Simile of the Chariot, 105; Change and Identity, 106; The Process of Rebirth, 108; Karma, 108; Right Mindfulness, 109; The Last Instructions of the Buddha, 111; The Buddha in Nirvana, 112; The City of Righteousness, 113. The Ethics of Theravada Buddhism 114 The Morals of the Monk, 115; Care of the Body, 116; "Lay Not Up for Yourselves Treasures upon Earth....", 117; The Virtue of Friendliness, 118; Hatred and Love, 119; Buddhism and Everyday Life, 120. Society and the State in Theravada Buddhism 125 How the World Evolved, 127; The Origin of Society and State, 128; The Ideal of Government, and the Decay and Growth of Civilization, 133; Conditions of the Welfare of Societies, 138; Birth Is No Criterion of Worth, 139; Ashoka; The Buddhist Emperor, 141. Chapter 6 Mahayana Buddhism: "The Greater Vehicle" 153 The Bodhisattva, 160; The Mahayana Ideal is Higher Than That of the Theravada, 160; The Suffering Savior, 161; The Lost Son, 163; Against Self-Mortification, 167; Joy in All Things, 168; The Good Deeds of the Bodhisattva, 169; The Evils of Meat-Eating, 170; The Gift of Food, 171; The Three Bodies of the Buddha, 172; Emptiness, 173; Faith in Emptiness, 175; Karma and Rebirth, 175; Suchness, 176; All Depends on the Mind, 177; Nirvana is Here and Now, 177; Praise of Dharma, 179; Perfect Wisdom Personified, 180; The Blessings of Peace, 181; The Divine Right (and Duty) of Kings, 182; Magical Utterances, 185. Chapter 7 The Vehicle of the Thunderbolt and the Decline of Buddhism in India 188 To the Pure All Things Are Pure, 194; Everything is Buddha, 196. PART III: THE HINDU WAY OF LIFE (V. Raghavan and R. N. Dandekar) 201 Introduction (A.T.E.) 203 The Four Ends of Man (V. R.) 209 Chapter 8 Dharma: The First End of Man (R.N.D.) 213 What is Dharma? 217; The Sources and Extent of Dharma, 218; Dharma Is Not Static, 220; Varna-Dharma or Organization of the Four Classes, 221; The Origin of Mixed Castes, 223; Initiation to Studenthood, 224; Marriage and Householder's Duties, 226; The Position of Women, 228; The Hermit and the Ascetic, 229; The Life-Cycle Rites, 230. Chapter 9 Artha: The Second End of Man (R.N.D.) 234 Kingship 237 The Origin of Kingship, 238; The Science of Polity, 240; Duties of a King, 242; The Seven Limbs of the State, 244; The Circle of States and Interstate Policy, 247; State Administration, 249. Chapter 10 Kama: The Third End of Man {V. R., revised) 254 The Science of Love and Pleasure 256 The Man of Taste and Culture, 256; The Signs of a Girl in Love, 258; When Love Becomes Intense, 258; Remembered Love, 259; Love Song of the Dark Lord, 261; Shiva and Kama: Asceticism and Erotic Passion, 262; All Passion Spent, 263. Aesthetics: Theory and Practice 264 Dramatic Theory and the Concept of Rasa, 266; Poetry, 268; Shakuntaid, 270. Chapter 11 Moksha: The Fourth End of Man 274 The Bhagavad Gita: Action and Devotion (R.N.D.) 276 The Necessity of Action, 280; Why Karma-Yoga? 283; The Technique of Karma-Yoga, 285; Bhakti-Yoga: The Doctrine of Devotion, 288; Divine Manifestations, 289; Philosophical Synthesis, 292; The Perfect Man, 294. Hindu Philosophy {V. R., revised) 296 Sankhya 302 Ishvarakrishna, 303. Veddnta 308 Shankaraf 308. Puranic Theism: The Way of Devotion: {V. R., revised) 319 Devotion to Vishnu as Lord, 323; Devotion to Shiva, 328; Devotion to Devi, the Goddess, 330. The Tantric Way 332 Chapter 12 The Songs of Medieval Hindu Devotion (V. R., revised) 342 Shiva Bhakti, 345 Tirunavukkarashu, 346; Jnanasambandha, 346; Manikkavachakar, 346; Sun-daramurti, 347; Basavanna, 347; Mahadevi 349; Lalla, 350. Vishnu Bhakti, 351 The Alvars, 351; Nammalvar, 352; Purandaradasa, 353; Tukaram, 354; Tulsidas, 354; In Praise of Krishna, 359; Surdas, 359; Mirabat, 365. Devi Bhakti, 369 Ramprasad, 370. Nirguna Bhakti and the Sant Tradition 371 Kabir, 373; Ravidas, 376. PART IV: ISLAM IN MEDIEVAL INDIA (P. Hardy; revised by C. Brunner, and D. Lelyveld) 379 Introduction 381 Chapter 13 The Foundations of Islam in India 383 The Historical Background 384 The Coming of Islam to India 388 Muslim Orthodoxy in India 391 Piety: The Key to Paradise (Adib), 391; Theology: The Perfection of Faith (c Abd ul-Haqq), 393; Propaganda: The Indian Proof (Mihrabl), 397. The Sharfa, or Islamic Code of Conduct 399 The Bases of Jurisprudence ,(al-Razi), 402; Guidance in the Sharia (the Hiddya), 404. Chapter 14 The Muslim Ruler in India 408 The Legitimacy of Kingship 410 The Final End of Human Society Is the Worship of God (Barni), 410; Rulers Are Ordained by God (Hamadani), 411; Obedience to the Sultan IsCommanded by God (Fakhr-i-Mudir), 412; Kingship Is Incompatible with Religious Ideals (Barni), 413; The War Between Good and Evit (Barni), 414; Man's Opposing Qualities and Their Political Implications (Barni), 415. Duties and Responsibilities of a Muslim Ruler 416 The Ulama and the Ruler (Fakhr-i-Mudir), 416; The Ruler as Protector of the Faith (Barni), 417; Consultation with Wise Counsellors (Barni), 419; Organizing the Government (Barnl), 421; The Army (Barni), 422; The Perfect Rule (Barni), 423; AbuM Fail's Theory of Rulership (Abul Fazl), 425; The Declaration of Akbar's Status as a Mujtahid (Bada'uni), 427; Against Rulers Misled by Wicked Ulama (Sirhindi), 428. The Ideal Social Order 430 The Four-Class Division of Society (Jalali), 431; Divine Origin of the "Division of Labor" (Barni), 433; Rulers to Preserve the Social Order Willed by God (Barni), 435; The Necessity of Inequality (Baqir Khan), 436. The Muslim Conquest and the Status of Hindus 437 Mahmud of Ghaznl (Biruni; Firishta; Abu'l Fazl), 437; The King's Duty to Convert Idolaters (Barni), 440; Are Hindus Zimmisi? (Hamadani), 442; Rights of Hindus (Nizam ud-Din Ahmad; Bada'uni; Aurangzab), 443. Chapter 15 Islamic Mysticism in India 447 Early Sufism in India 450 The Love of God ('Ali Hujwiri), 451; Contemplation ('Ali Hujwiri), 452; Seeking the Path (Sharaf ud-din Yahya), 453; Renunciation (Sharaf ud-din Yahya), 453 The Quest for God the Beloved and the Knowledge of God 454 The Steps of a Disciple (Sharaf ud-din Yahya), 455; The Final Stage (Sharaf ud-din Yahya), 456. The Preservation of God's Transcendence at the Supreme Stage of Mystic Experience, 457 Subsistence and Annihilation ('Ali Hujwri), 457; True Contemplation is Ineffable ('Ali Hujwiri), 458. Sufi Acceptance of Orthodox Formalist Islam, 459 Orthodox Practice and Spiritual Experience Both Necessary ('Ali Hujwiri), 459; The Superiority of the Prophets over the Saints ('Ali Hujwiri] 460; The Pious Behavior of All Muslims (Amir Hasan Sijzi), 461. Syncreticism and Orthodoxy under the Mughals 463 Akbar's Religious Outlook, 464 The Discussion in the Hall of Worship (Bada'uni; Muhsin-i-Fani), 465; The Divine Faith (Muhsin-i-Fani; Bada'uni), 469. Dard Shikoh and Pantheism 471 The Mystic Path (Dara Shikoh), 472; The Upanishads: God's Most Perfect Revelation (Dara Shikoh), 473. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi: The Reaction to Pantheistic Mysticism, 475 Mystic Union with God Is Only Subjective (Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi), 476. Shah Wali'Ulldh: Sufism and the Crisis of Islam in India 478 Ijtihad, or Legal Interpretation (Wali-Ullah), 479; The Unity of Interpretations of Mysticism (Wali-Ullah), 480; The Islamic Community in India (Wali-Ullah), 481. Mystical Poetry and Popular Religion 483 Shah 'Abdu'l-Latlf, 484; Bullhe Shah, 486; Wans Shah, 487; Khwaja Mir Dard, 488. PART V: SIKHISM (A.T.E.) 491 Chapter 16 Sikhism: Faith and Practice 493 Guru Nanak (1469-1539): Life and Teachings 494 The Later Gurus and the Sikh Community 497 The Adi Granth and Janam Sakhis 501 Mul Mantra: The Basic Statement, 501; The Great Question: How Is Truth to Be Found?, 501; The Divine Order, 502; Human Nature, 502; The Name and the Word, 503; The Guru, 505; The Uselessness of Caste, Ceremonies, and all Externals, 505; Stories about Nanak, 506. Gobind Singh: The Last Guru 508 Indic Word List 511 Bibliography 515 Index 525